🧠 Modifiable risk factors for stroke, dementia and latelife depression: a systematic review

Simple lifestyle changes like regular exercise, healthy eating, good sleep, and staying socially connected can significantly reduce your risk of major brain-related diseases.

Published In: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
Date: April 2025
Authors: Senff, et al.
Link to Study: https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2024-334925

Summary

This large systematic review identified 17 modifiable lifestyle factors that influence the risk of stroke, dementia, and late-life depression. By analyzing 59 high-quality meta-analyses and calculating the combined disease burden, the study ranked these factors by their relative impact. High blood pressure, poor kidney function, and smoking ranked as the highest risks, while physical and cognitive activity were strong protective factors.

Key Takeaways

✅ Controlling blood pressure is the most impactful step you can take to lower risk.
✅ Being active, both physically and mentally, greatly reduces chances of brain-related diseases.
✅ Poor sleep, smoking, social isolation, and high blood sugar significantly raise risk.
✅ Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, fish, and nuts are protective.
✅ Having a strong sense of purpose can be beneficial.

Why It Matters for You

This research confirms that everyday choices – such as how you move, eat, sleep, and connect – play a major role in preventing stroke, dementia, and depression. Focusing on just a few habits can offer wide-reaching benefits for long-term brain health.

Citation

Senff, J., Tack, R.W.P., Mallick, A., et al. (2025). Modifiable risk factors for stroke, dementia and late-life depression: a systematic review and DALY-weighted risk factors for a composite outcome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 96, 515–527. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2024-334925